Vertebroplasty vs. Kyphoplasty: A Guide to Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery
Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are two of the most commonly performed minimally invasive procedures used to stabilize spinal fractures—typically caused by vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) due to conditions like osteoporosis or traumatic injuries. Both fall under the category of vertebral augmentation surgeries and are designed to reduce pain and restore spinal stability.
Why Spinal Fractures Happen
The spine is a column of bones (vertebrae) separated by discs that provide shock absorption and flexibility. Over time, or due to bone-weakening conditions like osteoporosis, these vertebrae can become fragile. This increases the risk of fractures—even from minor incidents like bending, coughing, or lifting.
Trauma, such as a fall or car accident, can also cause compression fractures in otherwise healthy bones. When a vertebra cracks or collapses, it can lead to severe back pain, spinal misalignment, nerve compression, and even deformities like kyphosis (a hunched posture).
Understanding the Procedures
Vertebroplasty
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Purpose: Stabilizes a fractured vertebra.
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How it works: A specialist uses imaging to guide a needle into the affected bone. Through this needle, biocompatible bone cement is injected to fill the cracks and harden the vertebra, helping to prevent further collapse or instability.
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Outcome: Pain relief and structural stabilization.
Kyphoplasty
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Purpose: Restores height and corrects spinal deformity from a collapsed vertebra.
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How it works: A small balloon is inserted into the fractured vertebra and inflated to create space and restore some vertebral height. Once deflated and removed, this cavity is filled with a thicker bone cement to support the structure.
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Outcome: Improved spinal alignment and reduced pain.
Procedure Overview
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Setting: Outpatient or short-stay hospital procedure.
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Anesthesia: Local anesthesia with possible sedation (general anesthesia is usually not required).
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Imaging: Real-time x-ray guidance (fluoroscopy) ensures precision.
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Recovery: Patients are observed for a few hours post-procedure. Most can return to light activity within days.
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Risks: Rare, but may include infection, cement leakage, bleeding, or nerve irritation.
When Is Surgery Recommended?
Surgery is typically considered only after conservative treatments—such as rest, pain medication, physical therapy, or bracing—fail to relieve symptoms. Your doctor may recommend vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty if:
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The fracture is unstable and likely to worsen.
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There is persistent or debilitating pain.
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There is risk of spinal deformity or nerve damage.
Surgical contraindications include active infections or blood clotting issues (especially if taking anticoagulant medications). Your physician will assess whether a temporary pause in these medications is safe.
Do I Need Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty?
Not all spinal compression fractures require surgery. Many stable fractures heal on their own with proper care, including rest, targeted exercises, and pain management.
However, in cases where the fracture causes significant instability, pain, or risk to spinal nerves, surgical intervention may become necessary. A thorough evaluation by a spine specialist—including imaging and clinical exams—will help determine the best path forward.
Final Thoughts
If your doctor has recommended a spinal augmentation procedure, understanding the differences between vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty can help ease your concerns. Both procedures have strong track records for improving pain and stability with minimal downtime. With early diagnosis and the right treatment plan, most patients experience a marked improvement in mobility, comfort, and quality of life. Contact us today to learn more!
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